Appears in collections : Ordered algebraic structures and related topics / Structures algébriques ordonnées et leurs interactions, Exposés de recherche

We give a survey on recent advances in Grothendiek's program of anabelian geometry to characterize arithmetic and geometric objects in Galois theoretic terms. Valuation theory plays a key role in these developments, thus confirming its well deserved place in mainstream mathematics. The talk notes are available in the PDF file at the bottom of the page.